The regulation of gene expression is fundamental for life. Whereas the role of transcriptional
regulation of gene expression has been studied for several decades, it has been clear over …

The translation initiation step in eukaryotes is highly regulated and rate-limiting. During this
process, the 40S ribosomal subunit is usually recruited to the 5′ terminus of the mRNA. It …

Cellular stress is an intrinsic part of cell physiology that underlines cell survival or death. The
ability of mammalian cells to regulate global protein synthesis (aka translational control) …

Viruses exploit the translation machinery of an infected cell to synthesize their proteins.
Therefore, viral mRNAs have to compete for ribosomes and translation factors with cellular …

Unlike bacteria, a specialized eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2, in the form of the ternary
complex eIF2–GTP–Met-tRNAiMet, is used to deliver the initiator tRNA to the ribosome in all …

During translation, aminoacyl-tRNAs are delivered to the ribosome by specialized GTPases
called translation factors. Here, we report the tRNA binding to the P-site of 40 S ribosomes …

Regulation of gene expression at the level of translation accounts for up to three orders of
magnitude in its efficiency. We systematically compared the impact of several mRNA …

High-throughput methods, such as ribosome profiling, have revealed the complexity of
translation regulation in Bacteria and Eukarya with large-scale effects on cellular functions …

It is generally believed that prokaryotic translation is initiated by the interaction between the
Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence in the 5′ UTR of an mRNA and the anti-SD sequence in …

Abstract Background Shine-Dalgarno (SD) signal has long been viewed as the dominant
translation initiation signal in prokaryotes. Recently, leaderless genes, which lack 5' …