It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction.
Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug …

Understanding the brain circuitry that underlies reward is critical to improve treatment for
many common health issues, including obesity, depression, and addiction. Here we focus …

Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

Epidemiological data demonstrate that while women report lower rates of drug use than
men, the number of current drug users and abusers who are women continues to increase …

Rationale Love has long been referred to as an addiction in literature and poetry. Scientists
have often made comparisons between social attachment processes and drug addiction …

Opioid use disorder is classified as a chronic recurrent disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) which leads to personality disorders, co-morbidities and premature death. It …

The increasing lifespan in developed countries results in age-associated chronic diseases.
Biological aging is a complex process associated with accumulated cellular damage by …

Although both men and women become addicted to drugs of abuse, women transition to
addiction faster, experience greater difficulties remaining abstinent, and relapse more often …

This review focuses on cocaine-induced postsynaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens
(NAc) involving changes in AMPA receptor (AMPAR) transmission. First, fundamental …

Psychostimulants are a broadly defined class of drugs that stimulate the central and
peripheral nervous systems as their primary pharmacological effect. The abuse liability of …