Retroviruses have long been a fertile model for discovering host–pathogen interactions and
their associated biological principles and processes. These advances have not only …

The majority of pathogens, including many of medical and veterinary importance, can infect
more than one species of host. Population biology has yet to explain why perceived …

Viruses have developed diverse non-immune strategies to counteract host-mediated
mechanisms that confer resistance to infection. The Vif (virion infectivity factor) proteins are …

Abstract CEM15/APOBEC3G is a cellular protein required for resistance to infection by virion
infectivity factor (Vif)-deficient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, using a murine …

▪ Abstract The nuclear export of intron-containing HIV-1 RNA is critically dependent on the
activity of Rev, a virally encoded sequence-specific RNA-binding protein. Rev shuttles …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome encodes a total of three structural
proteins, two envelope proteins, three enzymes, and six accessory proteins. Studies over the …

Retroviral replication involves the formation of a DNA provirus integrated into the host
genome. Through this process, retroviruses can colonize the germ line to form endogenous …

The study of early events in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) life cycle can
be limited by the relatively low numbers of cells that can be infected synchronously in vitro …

HIV-1 deleted for the vif accessory gene encapsidates the cellular cytidine deaminase
APOBEC3G. Upon infection, the encapsidated APOBEC3G induces G→ A mutations in the …

Human APOBEC3 enzymes are cellular DNA cytidine deaminases that inhibit and/or mutate
a variety of retroviruses, retrotransposons, and DNA viruses. Here, we report a detailed …