Humans are able to learn to implement novel rules from instructions rapidly, which is termed
“instruction-based learning”(IBL). This remarkable ability is very important in our daily life in …

Social learning theory is one of criminology's major micro-sociological frameworks for
explaining the causes of criminal and deviant behavior (Sampson, 1999). According to …

Humans excel in instruction following to boost performance in unfamiliar situations. We can
do so through so-called prepared reflexes: Abstract instructions are instantly translated into …

Learning new rules rapidly and effectively via instructions is ubiquitous in our daily lives, yet
the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms are complex. Using functional magnetic …

Much animal learning is slow, with cumulative changes in behavior driven by reward
prediction errors. When the abstract structure of a problem is known, however, both animals …

A key aspect of human cognitive flexibility concerns the ability to convert complex symbolic
instructions into novel behaviors. Previous research proposes that this transformation is …

Behavioral flexibility requires the prefrontal cortex and striatum, but it is unclear if these
structures play similar or distinct roles in adapting to novel circumstances. Here, we …

Implementing novel instructions is a complex and uniquely human cognitive ability, which
requires the rapid and flexible conversion of symbolic content into a format that enables the …

While many brain networks are specialised for processing specific types of information, a
network of frontoparietal regions is engaged by a wide range of cognitive demands. Here …

A set of distributed cognitive control networks are known to contribute to diverse cognitive
demands, yet it is unclear how these networks gain this domain-general capacity. We …