Precise optical and thermal regulatory systems are found in nature, specifically in the
microstructures on organisms' surfaces. In fact, the interaction between light and matter …

The extraordinary properties of biological materials often result from their sophisticated
hierarchical structures. Through multilevel and cross-scale structural designs, biological …

Light influences most ecosystems on earth, from sun-dappled forests to bioluminescent
creatures in the ocean deep. Biologists have long studied nano-and micro-scale organismal …

The ability to control light at the nanoscale is at the basis of contemporary photonics and
plasmonics. In particular, properly engineered periodic nanostructures not only allow the …

Highlights An elastic, superhydrophobic and conductive thin film inspired by the natural self-
supported superhydrophobic butterfly wings enabled by a controllable composite of …

As one of the most complex structures in nature, butterflies have attracted wide interest over
the past few decades. Inspired by these delicate structures and the marvelous derived …

Implant-related infections and tissue inflammation are the main factors for peri-implantitis.
Lack of antibacterial activity and poor soft tissue sealing property increase the occurrence …

Background The color patterns that adorn lepidopteran wings are ideal for studying cell type
diversity using a phenomics approach. Color patterns are made of chitinous scales that are …

The interactions between light and micro-and nanostructures can produce efficient photon
manipulation, such as reducing the loss of incident photons and enhancing the extraction of …

Lepidopteran scales exhibit exquisite architectures that produce complex optical
performance, such as structural colors for multiple survival strategies. However, how do …