Nitrogen (N), as a macro-element, plays a vital role in plant growth and development. N
deficiency affects plant productivity by decreasing photosynthesis, leaf area and longevity of …

Global food security depends on three main cereal crops (wheat, rice and maize) achieving
and maintaining high yields, as well as increasing their future yields. Fundamental to the …

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological
characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect …

Plants invest a considerable amount of leaf nitrogen in the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose-
1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO), forming a strong coupling of nitrogen …

Net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (A n) decreases at leaf temperatures above a
relatively mild optimum (T opt) in most higher plants. This decline is often attributed to …

Photorespiratory metabolism is essential for plants to maintain functional photosynthesis in
an oxygen‐containing environment. Because the oxygenation reaction of Rubisco is …

The utility of plant functional traits for predictive ecology relies on our ability to interpret trait
variation across multiple taxonomic and ecological scales. Using extensive data sets of trait …

Photosynthetic carbon assimilation enables energy storage in the living world and produces
most of the biomass in the biosphere. Rubisco (d-ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase …

Box 9E. 1 Continued FIGURE 2. The C–S–R triangle model (Grime 1979). The strategies at
the three corners are C, competiti-winning species; S, stress-tolerating s-cies; R …

Foundational to trait-based community ecology is the expectation that functional traits
determine demographic outcomes. However, trait–demographic rate relationships are …