The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness ('C-tests') are
urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human …

This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4.0. IIT aims to account for the
properties of experience in physical (operational) terms. It identifies the essential properties …

The integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) is divisive: while some believe it
provides an unprecedentedly powerful approach to address the 'hard problem', others …

One of the most well-established tools for modeling the brain is the functional connectivity
network, which is constructed from pairs of interacting brain regions. While powerful, the …

Early reemergence of consciousness predicts long-term functional recovery for patients with
severe brain injury. However, tools to reliably detect consciousness in the intensive care unit …

Recent experimental evidence on patients with disorders of consciousness revealed that
observing brain-heart interactions helps to detect residual consciousness, even in patients …

Human cerebral organoids are three-dimensional biological cultures grown in the laboratory
to mimic as closely as possible the cellular composition, structure, and function of the …

Historically, clinical evaluation of unresponsive patients following brain injury has relied
principally on serial behavioral examination to search for emerging signs of consciousness …

Complete locked-in syndrome (CLIS) resulting from late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) is characterised by loss of motor function and eye movements. The absence of …