Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the local aggregate of adipose tissue
surrounding the vascular tree, exhibiting phenotypes from white to brown and beige …

Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is an endogenous hormone system involved in the control
of blood pressure and fluid volume. Dysregulation of RAS has a pathological role in causing …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the control of vasoconstriction as
well as sodium and fluid retention mediated mainly by angiotensin (Ang) II acting at the AT1 …

Abstract Angiotensin-(1-5)[Ang-(1-5)], which is a metabolite of Angiotensin-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]
catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), is a pentapeptide of the renin …

As a counter-regulatory arm of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), the angiotensin-
converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1–7)-MAS axis (ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-MAS axis) plays a …

Objective It remains unknown whether insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) can attenuate
myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo by activating the phosphoinositide 3 …

Hypertension is a prevalent condition worldwide and is the key risk factor for fatal
cardiovascular complications, such as stroke, sudden cardiac death and heart failure …

The world population is aging, and by 2017, there will be more people over the age of 65
than under age 5, and by 2050, two billion of the estimated nine billion people on Earth will …

Abstract Angiotensin-(1-9), a component of the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system, has
a short half-life in blood. This peptide has shown to prevent and/or attenuate hypertension …

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is one of the most promising strategies used to protect the
myocardium from ischemia–reperfusion injury. Ang (1–7) exhibits cardioprotective activity; …