Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules
derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and biochemical barrier that precisely controls
cerebral homeostasis. It also plays a central role in the regulation of blood-to-brain flux of …

Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-
deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, have
been established over decades of research as, on the one hand, important and versatile …

Tempol is a redox-cycling nitroxide that promotes the metabolism of many reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and improves nitric oxide bioavailability. It has been studied extensively in …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) forms a protective barrier around the brain, with the important
function of maintaining brain homeostasis. Pathways thought to initiate BBB dysfunction …

Cyclic nitroxides are a diverse group range of stable free radicals that have unique
antioxidant properties. Because of their ability to interact with free radicals, they have been …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has a critical role in central nervous system homeostasis.
Intercellular tight junction (TJ) protein complexes of the brain microvasculature limit …

The Janus face of nitric oxide (NO) has prompted a debate as to whether NO plays a
deleterious or protective role in tissue injury. There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide …

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
is a common underlying mechanism of many neuropathologies, as they have been shown to …