Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that are crucial in regulating immune responses
during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment …

Purpose The purpose of this review is to discuss the significance of IL-17 in SLE and the
potential of IL-17-targeted therapy. Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an …

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are autoimmune diseases
that target hepatocytes and bile duct cells, respectively. Despite their shared autoimmune …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the breakdown of self-tolerance,
the production of high-affinity pathogenic autoantibodies and derailed B cell responses …

The mechanism that maintains ER-to-Golgi vesicles formation and transport is complicated.
As one of the adapters, Ninein-like protein (Nlp) participated in assembly and transporting of …

Since the description of age-associated or autoimmune-associated B cells (ABCs), there has
been a growing interest in the role of these cells in autoimmunity. ABCs are differently …

Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic.
Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for …

Abstract Background Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells form a distinct population of T-helper cells
with different polarizations (type 1, type 2 and type 17) that regulates humoral responses …

Introduction Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells and circulating T peripheral helper
(cTph) cells (which share common characteristics with the cTfh population) are implicated in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) mediated by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, and characterized by immune cell infiltration …