We investigated spaced retrieval and restudying in 3 preregistered, online experiments. In
all experiments, participants studied 40 Swahili–English word pair translations during an …

Research has observed that monitoring one's own learning modifies memory for some
materials but not for others. Specifically, making judgments of learning (JOLs) while learning …

Making metamemory judgments reactively changes item memory itself. Here we report the
first investigation of reactive influences of making judgments of learning (JOLs) on interitem …

Item memory (eg, recall or recognition of specific items) can reactively change when
metacognitively monitored via judgments of learning (JOLs). The current research explores …

Making immediate judgments of learning (JOLs) during study can influence later memory
performance, with a common outcome being that JOLs improve cued-recall performance for …

Making judgments of learning (JOLs) can reactively change memory, a phenomenon termed
the reactivity effect. The current study was designed to explore whether the reactivity effect …

Measurement of mental processes is the bedrock of cognitive psychology, but the
interpretation of such measurements is profoundly undermined by evidence that many …

Judgments of learning (JOLs) are often reactive on memory for cue-target pairs. This pattern,
however, is moderated by relatedness, as related but not unrelated pairs often show a …

Making judgments of learning (JOLs) can sometimes modify subsequent memory
performance, which is referred to as JOL reactivity. We evaluated two major theoretical …

Predicting what we will remember and forget is crucial for daily functioning. We were
interested in whether evaluating something as likely to be remembered or forgotten leads to …