Bacterial biofilms are complex microbial communities encased in extracellular polymeric
substances. Their formation is a multi-step process. Biofilms are a significant problem in …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and has dramatically increased in
recent years. Continuous cardiac monitoring is particularly important for early diagnosis and …

Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy
devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not …

Infections related to implantable cardiac electronic devices (ICEDs), including pacemakers,
implantable cardiac defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, are …

Aims Infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are infrequent but carry
significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess risk factors for 1-year mortality …

Implant-associated infections (IAIs) pose serious threats to patients and can be associated
with significant morbidity and mortality. These infections may be difficult to diagnose due, in …

Background Device infection is associated with increased mortality in patients receiving
cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy. However, long‐term mortality …

The early 1950s witnessed the introduction of vascular reconstruction surgery using
prosthetic vascular grafts. 1 These grafts are important in the management of peripheral …

Background Most published reports describing outcomes of patients with cardiovascular
implantable electronic device–related infective endocarditis (CIED‐IE) are single‐center …

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are potentially life-saving treatments for
several cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Despite dissemination of recommended …