Metastatic cancer is almost always terminal, and more than 90% of cancer deaths result from
metastatic disease. Combating cancer metastasis and post-therapeutic recurrence …

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent used to treat solid tumours, such as
ovarian, head and neck, and testicular germ cell. A known complication of cisplatin …

Brain metastasis is an important cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. A key event
during brain metastasis is the migration of cancer cells through blood–brain barrier (BBB) …

Metastasis has long been understood to lead to the overwhelming majority of cancer-related
deaths. However, our understanding of the metastatic process, and thus our ability to …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are released by all living cells and contain
diverse bioactive molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites …

Abstract Development and preclinical testing of new cancer therapies is limited by the
scarcity of in vivo models that authentically reproduce tumor growth and metastatic …

Numerous studies have shown that non–cell-autonomous regulation of cancer cells is an
important aspect of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells need to communicate with stromal cells by …

Antiangiogenic drugs targeting the VEGF pathway have slowed metastatic disease
progression in some patients, leading to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival …

Distant organ metastasis, often termed as organotropic metastasis or metastatic
organotropism, is a fundamental feature of malignant tumours and accounts for most cancer …

The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling pathway plays a critical and dual role in
the progression of human cancer. During the early phase of tumour progression, TGF‐β acts …