Dopamine is derived from an amino acid, phenylalanine, which must be obtained through
the diet. Dopamine, known primarily to be a neurotransmitter involved in almost any higher …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the dopaminergic
neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway, a neuronal circuit involved in the control of movements …

Curiosity is a fundamental part of human motivation that supports a variety of human
intellectual behaviors ranging from early learning in children to scientific discovery …

Parkinson's disease is characterized neuropathologically by the degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) …

Inflammation is one of the pathogenic processes in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine
receptor agonist pramipexole (PPX) is extensively used for PD treatment in clinics. A number …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by a loss of dopamine neurons, decreased dopamine
transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. However, this validation …

The dopaminergic system controls several vital central nervous system functions, including
the control of movement, reward behaviors and cognition. Alterations of dopaminergic …

Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters
and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic, and neuroendocrine systems …

Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters whose transmission is altered in a number of
neural pathways in the brain of schizophrenic patients. Current evidence indicates that these …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-
motor symptoms which relentlessly and progressively lead to substantial disability and …