Initially known as CI-581, ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 as a replacement from
phencyclidine. It has since been used as an anesthetic and analgesic. In addition, it has …

Background Postoperative sore throat is a leading undesirable postoperative outcome.
Ketamine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist and its topical application is used …

Background: Esketamine is traditionally administered via intravenous or intramuscular
routes. In this study we developed a pharmacokinetic model of inhalation of nebulized …

Objective Our study aimed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of nebulized ketamine in
managing acute moderate-to-severe musculoskeletal pain in older emergency department …

Study objective We aimed to assess and compare the analgesic efficacies and adverse
effects of ketamine administered through a breath-actuated nebulizer at 3 different dosing …

Background The optimal choice of prophylactic drugs to decrease postoperative sore throat
is unclear. The objective of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare and rank 11 …

Background Postoperative cough may occur after tracheal intubation, but it is indistinct
which drug is best at diminishing these events. Additionally, airway reflexes are commonly …

Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 each; Group 1 received
ketamine 50mg (1mL) with 4mL saline nebulisation, while Group 2 received …

Postoperative sore throat is one of the most common complications following endotracheal
intubation. Nebulization therapy, a preferable and safety method of drug delivery, has been …

Background: Endotracheal intubation is the prominent cause of airway mucosal injury which
results in postoperative sore throat (POST), with an incidence of 21%–65%. Although this …