Astrocytes are electrically nonexcitable cells that display increases in cytosolic calcium ion
(Ca2+) in response to various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. However, the …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) and lateral superior olive (LSO) of the auditory
brainstem code for sound-source location in the horizontal plane, extracting interaural time …

The three types of principal cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), bushy, octopus, and
T stellate, differ in the detection of coincidence among synaptic inputs. To explore the role of …

Low threshold, voltage-gated potassium currents (I kl) are widely expressed in auditory
neurons that can fire temporally precise action potentials (APs). In the medial nucleus of the …

Natural stimuli often have time-varying first-order (ie, mean) and second-order (ie, variance)
attributes that each carry critical information for perception and can vary independently over …

Brief synaptic inhibition can overwhelm a nearly coincident suprathreshold excitatory input
to preclude spike generation. Surprisingly, a brief inhibitory event that occurs in a favorable …

Coincidence detection by binaural neurons in the medial superior olive underlies sensitivity
to interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural correlation (ρ). It is unclear whether this …

Adaptation is a fundamental computational motif in neural processing. To maintain stable
perception in the face of rapidly shifting input, neural systems must extract relevant …

Highlights► subthreshold temporal pulse interaction for bi-phasic pulses lasts at least up to
600 μs.► for every pulse polarity combination, subthreshold interaction reduces the …

Auditory nerve fibers encode sounds in the precise timing of action potentials (APs), which is
used for such computations as sound localization. Timing information is relayed through …