Recent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of
multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS appears to start as a …

The vitamin D receptor is expressed in multiple cells of the body (other than osteoblasts),
including beta cells and cells involved in immune modulation (such as mononuclear cells …

Background: There is a wide variation in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in
different geographical regions and the epidemiology of MS in Iran has been a major topic of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system with an
unidentified etiology. We systematically reviewed the literature on the possible risk factors …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, severe neurological disease that affects millions of
people worldwide. Nevertheless, the actual cause of MS remains unknown. Smoking has …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects three times more women than men and this ratio appears to
be increasing. However male patients experience increased disease progression, brain …

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has become a disease that represents a tremendous
burden on patients, families, and societies. The exact etiology of MS is still unclear, but it is …

Background Despite our awareness of the significant effect of smoking on multiple sclerosis
(MS), there was a serious lack of information about the effect of different types of smoking …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) overwhelmingly presents during the reproductive years, and is more
common in females than males. The sexual dimorphism observed in post-pubertal cases is …

Background: A limited amount of data exists regarding the effect of lipoic acid (LA), an oral
antioxidant supplement, on cytokine profiles among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients …