Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past
60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning …

Abstract Lynch, MA. Long-Term Potentiation and Memory. Physiol Rev 84: 87–136, 2004;
10.1152/physrev. 00014.2003.—One of the most significant challenges in neuroscience is to …

A vast number of different neuronal activity patterns could each induce a different set of
activity-regulated genes. Mapping this coupling between activity pattern and gene induction …

Major depressive disorder is a chronic debilitating mental illness. Its pathophysiology at
cellular and molecular levels is incompletely understood. Increasing evidence supports a …

CREB and its close relatives are now widely accepted as prototypical stimulus-inducible
transcription factors. In many cell types, these factors function as effector molecules that …

Synaptic plasticity is fundamental to many neurobiological functions, including memory and
pain. Central sensitization refers to the increased synaptic efficacy established in …

DNA methylation is a covalent chemical modification of DNA catalyzed by DNA
methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing …

Although the critical role for epigenetic mechanisms in development and cell differentiation
has long been appreciated, recent evidence reveals that these mechanisms are also …

Recent experiments investigating the effects of adrenal stress hormones on memory provide
extensive evidence that epinephrine and glucocorticoids modulate long-term memory …

This review highlights five areas of recent discovery concerning the role of extracellular-
signal regulated kinases (ERKs) in the hippocampus. First, ERKs have recently been directly …