Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that involves brain damage due to
external forces. TBI is the main factor of death and morbidity in young males with a high …

Over the past several decades a large amount of data have established that glial cells, the
main cell population in the brain, dynamically interact with neurons and thus impact their …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS). Recently, ketogenic diet (KD) supplementation has attracted great …

Astrocytes are a group of glial cells that exhibit great morphological, transcriptional and
functional diversity both in the resting brain and in response to injury. In recent years …

The incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome has steadily increased worldwide. As
a major risk factor for various diseases, metabolic syndrome has come into focus in recent …

Depression is an inflammation-associated disease that results in major depression as
inflammation increases and progresses. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), the major bioactive …

Astrocytes (ASTs) and oligodendroglial lineage cells (OLGs) are major macroglial cells in
the central nervous system. ASTs communicate with each other through connexin (Cx) and …

Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis
(MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of the disease have not been …

Cadmium (Cd) as a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal is reported to affect the nervous system.
Selenium (Se) has been shown to have antagonistic effects against heavy metal toxicity. In …

Central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is closely linked to the delicate balance of the
microenvironment in which different cellular components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) …