Background/rationale Long‐term treatment with anticholinergic agents may increase the risk
of cognitive impairment or dementia. This systematic literature review and meta‐analysis …

Overactive bladder (OAB) is often treated with medications that block the cholinergic
receptors in the bladder (known as anticholinergics). The effect of this medication class on …

Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for public health; however, the
relationship between anticholinergic drugs and dementia remains unclear. The aim of the …

As the world's population ages, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most
common neurological ailment, keeps increasing. It is estimated that 1% of the global …

Background Medications with anticholinergic properties are commonly prescribed to older
adults. The cumulative anticholinergic effect of all the medications a person takes is referred …

The relative importance of antimuscarinic anticholinergic medications for Parkinson's
disease (PD) declined after the introduction of levodopa, such that anticholinergic …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra pars compacta and other neuronal populations. The worldwide prevalence …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with motor deficiency
and rigidity. The genetic risks of the disease is reported to be between 5 and 10 …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
neuronal loss and dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra …

Clinical effects of anti-cholinergic drugs implicate cholinergic systems alterations in the
pathophysiology of some cardinal motor impairments in Parkinson's disease. The …