Background Exposure to faecal contamination is believed to be associated with child
diarrhoea and possibly stunting; however, few studies have explicitly measured the …

Background: Delivery of high quality, at-scale, and sustained services is a major challenge
in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector, made more challenging by a dearth of …

The urban population will rise to 6.7 billion by 2050. The United Nations has committed to
provide everyone with safely managed sanitation, but there is limited understanding of the …

Background Millions of children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at
risk of not reaching their full cognitive potential. Malnutrition and enteric infections in early …

We conducted a controlled before-and-after trial to evaluate the impact of an onsite urban
sanitation intervention on the prevalence of enteric infection, soil transmitted helminth re …

Across the water sector, Escherichia coli is the preferred microbial water quality indicator
and current guidance upholds that it indicates recent faecal contamination. This has been …

Background Children in low-resource settings are exposed to multiple risk factors for
enteropathogens. However, the probability of exposures may be different across exposure …

Global monitoring efforts do not provide a clear picture of the challenge of managing human
waste at the city scale. Where cities do not provide universal access to publicly managed …

Urban sanitation infrastructure is inadequate in many low-income countries, leading to the
presence of highly concentrated, uncontained fecal waste streams in densely populated …

Background The intense interactions between people, animals and environmental systems
in urban informal settlements compromise human and environmental health. Inadequate …