Simple Summary Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by aberrant
plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow (BM) and constitutes the second most common …

Osteolytic bone disease is the hallmark of multiple myeloma, which deteriorates the quality
of life of myeloma patients, and it affects dramatically their morbidity and mortality. The basis …

Chemokines mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes related primarily
to cell homing and migration. The chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived …

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of B cell receptor (BCR) signalling and
functions as an important regulator of cell proliferation and cell survival in various B cell …

When clonal plasma cells grow at anatomic sites distant from the bone marrow or grows
contiguous from osseous lesions that break through the cortical bone, it is referred to as …

In multiple myeloma spatial differences in the subclonal architecture, molecular signatures
and composition of the microenvironment remain poorly characterized. To address this …

T-cell expression of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) down-regulates the immune
response against malignancy by interacting with cognate ligands (eg, PD-L1) on tumor cells; …

Over the past 4 decades, basic research has provided crucial information regarding the
cellular and molecular biology of cancer. In particular, the relevance of cancer …

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are thalidomide analogues, which possess pleiotropic anti-
myeloma properties including immune-modulation, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and …

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by complex heterogeneous
cytogenetic abnormalities. The bone marrow microenvironment promotes multiple myeloma …