Some years ago, the Arctic Ocean was still described as one of the last oceans that did not
have subsea communications cables across it. This situation is now changing. One of the …

Abstract The Oulu region in Northern Finland has witnessed a remarkable growth of ICT
industries since the 1980s. A town near the Arctic Circle with only 140,000 people (2012) …

During the past decades, national governments and international institutions have both
searched for ways to equalise disparities and revitalise lagging regions. Although ideas and …

This dissertation examines the emergence of social embeddedness through economic
actions in start-ups' cohesive networks. The motivation for this study came from the interest …

In der Untersuchung werden die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen berücksichtigt, wie
sie in der Cluster-Literatur dargestellt werden. Durch eine Übertragung der …

This paper discusses the internationalization of software business in the Oulu region.
Despite its small size, the region grew rapidly and very successfully into a global information …

Ещё несколько лет назад Северный Ледовитый океан считался последним океаном, в
котором отсутствуют подводные кабели для передачи данных. На сегодняшний день …

The region of Oulu has been emphasizing the importance of electronics industry for its
business growth since the 1960s. After a pitch-dark recession, the region developed in the …