Introduction Renal biopsy performed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for
atypical or suspected diabetic kidney disease (DKD) reveals one of three possibilities …

Roughly 3% of patients worldwide with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
already have an overt nephropathy at diagnosis and about 20–30% of the remaining ones …

Objective. Although hypoalbuminemia is frequently found in most patients with diabetic
nephropathy (DN), its relationship to the severity and progression of DN remains largely …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors for the conservation of
bacterial molecules and play a key role in host defense against pathogens. The effect of …

Background Many important clinical decisions require causal knowledge (CK) to take action.
Although many causal knowledge bases for medicine have been constructed, a …

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of probiotics administration on the
metabolic and genetic profiles in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). This was a …

Neonatal-streptozotocin (n-STZ)-induced diabetes mimics most of the clinicopathological
symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) peripheral neuropathy. Berberine, a plant …

Purpose Differentiating between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease
(NDRD) is difficult and inefficient. The aim of the present study was to create a model for the …

A significant portion of the health burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is caused by both
type 1 and type 2 diabetes which leads to morbidity and mortality globally. It is one of the …

Background Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) is a well-recognized risk factor for
poor renal outcome in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, a noninvasive …