The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical,
chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition …

Background Every day the skin is constantly exposed to several harmful factors that induce
oxidative stress. When the cells are incapable to maintain the balance between antioxidant …

Self-maintaining resident macrophages populate all mammalian organs. In addition to their
role as immune sentinels, macrophages perform day-to-day functions essential to tissue …

Psoriasis affects the health of myriad populations around the world. The pathogenesis is
multifactorial, and the exact driving factor remains unclear. This condition arises from the …

The epidermis closely interacts with nerve endings, and both epidermis and nerves produce
substances for mutual sustenance. Neuropeptides, like substance P (SP) and calcitonin …

Human skin functions as a physical, chemical, and immune barrier against the external
environment while also providing a protective niche for its resident microbiota, known as the …

FcεRI is the primary receptor in mast cells that mediates allergic reactions by inducing rapid
release of mediators, an adaptive immune response that might have evolved as a host …

Human hair follicles (HFs) carry complex microbial communities that differ from the skin
surface microbiota. This likely reflects that the HF epithelium differs from the epidermal …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disorder characterized by pruritus and recurrent
eczematous lesions that are accompanied by T‐helper (Th) 2‐dominated inflammation. AD …

Mast cells (MCs) are evolutionarily ancient innate immune cells with important roles in
protective immunity against bacteria, parasites, and venomous animals. They can be found …