The glycan chains of vertebrate glycoconjugates are composed mostly of five-and six-
carbon sugars. One striking exception is the family of sialic acids (Sia), which are R-keto …

Sialic acids are a subset of nonulosonic acids, which are nine-carbon α-keto aldonic acids.
Natural existing sialic acid-containing structures are presented in different sialic acid forms …

Phase and antigenic variation result in a heterogenic phenotype of a clonal bacterial
population, in which individual cells either express the phase-variable protein (s) or not, or …

Sialic acid occupies the terminal position within glycan molecules on the surfaces of many
vertebrate cells, where it functions in diverse cellular processes such as intercellular …

The animal sialyltransferases are Golgi type II transmembrane glycosyltransferases. Twenty
distinct sialyltransferases have been identified in both human and murine genomes. These …

Most oropharyngeal pathogens express sialic acid units on their surfaces, mimicking the
sialyl-rich mucin layer coating epithelial cells and the glycoconjugates present on virtually all …

Sialic acids are important molecule with high structural diversity. They are known to occur in
higher animals such as Echinoderms, Hemichordata, Cephalochorda, and Vertebrata and …

Otitis media, a common and often recurrent bacterial infection of childhood, is a major
reason for physician visits and the prescription of antimicrobials. Haemophilus influenzae is …

Rationale: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) commonly infects patients with
cystic fibrosis (CF), especially early in childhood. Bacteria biofilms are increasingly …

Sialic acids comprise a family of nine-carbon ketosugars that are ubiquitous on mammalian
mucous membranes. However, sialic acids have a limited distribution among Bacteria and …