Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having
an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of …

Abstract Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) was discovered in 1900 as an abundant non-
protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat. The dipeptide is not only found in skeletal …

Neurotransmission between neurons, which can occur over the span of a few milliseconds,
relies on the controlled release of small molecule neurotransmitters, many of which are …

To evaluate evidence for de novo etiologies in schizophrenia, we sequenced at high
coverage the exomes of families recruited from two populations with distinct demographic …

β-alanine, a popular supplement for muscle building, induces itch and tingling after
consumption, but the underlying molecular and neural mechanisms are obscure. Here we …

Carnosine was first discovered in skeletal muscle, where its concentration is higher than in
any other tissue. This, along with an understanding of its role as an intracellular pH buffer …

Metabolic engineering allows for the rewiring of basic metabolism to overproduce both
native and non-native metabolites. Among these biomolecules, nutraceuticals have received …

The spleen is a key immune-related organ that plays a role in communication between the
brain and the immune system through the brain–spleen axis and brain–gut–microbiota axis …

Background Subfertility decreases the efficiency of the cattle industry because artificial
insemination employs spermatozoa from a single bull to inseminate thousands of cows …

The importance of pyrimidines lies in the fact that they are structural components of a broad
spectrum of key molecules that participate in diverse cellular functions, such as synthesis of …