During oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria continuously produce reactive oxygen
species (ROS), and untimely ROS clearance can subject mitochondria to oxidative stress …

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a complicated pathological process. The injury and
cascade reactions caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion are characterized by high …

Innate immunity plays a crucial role in the response to sterile inflammation such as liver
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The initiation of liver I/R injury results in the release of …

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) or reoxygenation injury is the paradoxical exacerbation of cellular
impairment following restoration of blood flow after a period of ischemia during surgical …

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of post-operative hepatic dysfunction
and liver failure after transplantation. This review summarizes the mechanisms of ischemia …

Pre-operative exercise therapy improves outcomes for many patients who undergo surgery.
Despite the well-known effects on tolerance to systemic perturbation, the mechanisms by …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) constitutes a significant source of morbidity and mortality
after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The allograft is metabolically impaired during …

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), an important member of the mitogen-
activated protein kinase family, is found in many organisms, and it participates in …

Biliary complications are the most frequent cause of morbidity, re-transplantation, and even
mortality after liver transplantation. In general, biliary leakage and anastomotic and non …

Surgery remains to be the mainstay of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Nonetheless, its therapeutic efficacy is significantly impaired by postoperative recurrence …