Elucidating the similarity and diversity of pathogen effectors is critical to understand their
evolution across fungal phytopathogens. However, rapid divergence that diminishes …

The apoplast is one of the first cellular compartments outside the plasma membrane that
phytopathogenic microbes encounter in the early stages of plant tissue invasion. Plants …

Both pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms modulate the immune response and
physiology of their host to establish a suitable niche. Key players in mediating colonization …

Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating
novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat of plant pathogens to …

Pathogenic fungi use secreted effector proteins to suppress immunity and support their
infection, but effectors have also been reported from fungi that engage in nutritional …

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside
plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface or cytosolic receptors …

The adaptive potential of plant fungal pathogens is largely governed by the gene content of
a species, consisting of core and accessory genes across the pathogen isolate repertoire …

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans damages host cells via its peptide
toxin, candidalysin. Before secretion, candidalysin is embedded in a precursor protein …

Parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of the glume blotch disease on wheat and is
responsible for significant yield losses globally. Despite its importance, the mechanisms …

Effectors are small molecules, mostly proteins, produced by microorganisms that use them to
interact with their hosts. Regarding plant hosts, effectors suppress plant immunity by …