In 1961, Jacob and Monod proposed the operon model of gene regulation. At the model's
core was the modular assembly of regulators, operators, and structural genes. To illustrate …

Living organisms are differentiated by their genetic material-millions to billions of DNA bases
encoding thousands of genes. These genes are translated into a vast array of proteins …

Eukaryotic genes are regulated by multivalent transcription factor complexes. Through
cooperative self-assembly, these complexes perform nonlinear regulatory operations …

Cell signaling networks coordinate specific patterns of protein expression in response to
external cues, yet the logic by which signaling pathway activity determines the eventual …

The term “stress” is used to describe important phenomena at multiple levels of biological
organization, but finding a general and rigorous definition of the concept has proven …

T cells experience complex temporal patterns of stimulus via receptor–ligand-binding
interactions with surrounding cells. From these temporal patterns, T cells are able to pick out …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are conserved from yeast to man and
regulate a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation. Recent …

We, and all organisms, are an evolutionary masterpiece of multiscale feedback control.
Feedback loops enable our cells to grow and then stop at the right size, to divide and self …

Although cells respond specifically to environments, how environmental identity is encoded
intracellularly is not understood. Here, we study this organization of information in budding …

Many bacterial pathogens secrete virulence factors, also known as effector proteins, directly
into host cells. These effectors suppress pro-inflammatory host signaling while promoting …