Colostrum refers to the initial milk that mammals generate following childbirth, and it
possesses rich nutritional value. Due to its bioactive components (such as lactoferrin …

Chocolate has been a part of human consumption for millennia, serving as a confection,
medicine and aphrodisiac. Chocolate consumption is increasing worldwide, and …

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a unique beta-
coronavirus, has caused the most serious outbreak of the last century at the global level …

Bovine colostrum (BC) is the initial milk an animal produces after giving birth, particularly in
the first few days. Numerous bioactive substances found in BC, including proteins, enzymes …

Milk contains all essential macro and micro-nutrients for the development of the newborn. Its
high therapeutic and antimicrobial content provides an important function for the prevention …

Plant-based probiotic foods (PBPFs) have recently become a notable choice for many
consumers. While less recognized than dairy products, these foods offer efficient alternatives …

Infant formulas are constantly being updated and upgraded, and N‐glycans are functional
glycans that have not been fully exploited to date. Commercial whey protein materials are …

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most commonly employed metal NPs in biological
applications, with distinctive physicochemical features. Their extraordinary optical …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant solid component in human
milk, vary significantly among women due to factors such as secretor status, race …

Background Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) occurs commonly in infants. While the long-
term efficacy of amino acid formulas for managing CMPA is well-established, there is limited …