The last several decades of research on avian cognition have revealed surprising parallels
between the abilities of birds—most notably corvids—and great apes. Parrots, albeit far less …

Cumulative technological culture (CTC) refers to the increase in the efficiency and
complexity of tools and techniques in human populations over generations. A fascinating …

Most of us view animals through a very narrow lens, seeing only bits and pieces of beings
that seem mostly peripheral to our lives. However, whether animals are building a shelter …

Abstract The New Caledonian crow is the only non-human animal known to craft hooked
tools in the wild, but the ecological benefit of these relatively complex tools remains …

Some animals have basic culture, but to date there is not much evidence that cultural traits
evolve as part of a cumulative process as seen in humans. This may be due to limits in …

Observational studies in the wild suggest that birds select material to build their nests based
on functional aspects of material that promote reproductive success. How birds select …

Ants are among a few invertebrates that can use certain tools. For example, some ants can
use debris and soil grains to transport liquid food. Although there has been evidence …

The commentaries have both revealed the implications of and challenged our approach. In
this response, we reply to these concerns, discuss why the technical-reasoning hypothesis …

Animals make a diverse array of architectures including nests, bowers, roosts, traps, and
tools. Much of the research into animal architecture has focused on the analysis of physical …

Animals that manufacture foraging tools face the challenge of identifying suitable raw
materials among a multitude of options. New Caledonian crows exhibit strong population …