Since no approved therapies to restore mobility and sensation following spinal cord injury
(SCI) currently exist, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms …

Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for
studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have …

Astrocytes are the most populous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They are
essential to CNS physiology and play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis …

In young animals, monocular deprivation leads to an ocular dominance shift, whereas in
adults after the critical period there is no such shift. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans …

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) results in a glial reaction, leading eventually to
the formation of a glial scar. In this environment, axon regeneration fails, and remyelination …

Following CNS injury, in an apparently counterintuitive response, scar tissue formation
inhibits axonal growth, imposing a major barrier to regeneration. Accordingly, scar …

A perineuronal net (PNN) is a layer of lattice‐like matrix which enwraps the surface of the
soma and dendrites, and in some cases the axon initial segments, in sub‐populations of …

An astonishing number of extracellular matrix glycoproteins are expressed in dynamic
patterns in the developing and adult nervous system. Neural stem cells, neurons, and glia …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) consist of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan
(GAG) chains. There is enormous structural diversity among CSPGs due to variation in the …

Adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) make up around 5–8% of the glial cell
population in the CNS. Their function in the undamaged CNS is largely unknown, but their …