Understanding the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate requires knowledge of
solar variability, solar‐terrestrial interactions, and the mechanisms determining the response …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

Marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid change at local and global scales. To understand
these changes, including the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic effects …

Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe
back to 1500 show that the late 20th-and early 21st-century European climate is very likely …

We review evidence for climate change over the past several millennia from instrumental
and high‐resolution climate “proxy” data sources and climate modeling studies. We focus on …

Evidence of the effect of external influences on the climate system has continued to
accumulate since the Third Assessment Report (TAR). The evidence now available is …

The Mediterranean region contains a diverse and interesting climate ranging from areas
with permanent glaciers to areas of subtropical, semiarid regions. The region is potentially …

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of previous studies and concepts
concerning the North Atlantic Oscillation. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its recent …

Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major source of variability in winter
atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, with large impacts on temperature …

This review of late-Holocene palaeoclimatology represents the results from a
PAGES/CLIVAR Intersection Panel meeting that took place in June 2006. The review is in …