Lysozyme is a~ 14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and
mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate …

Lysozyme is a cornerstone of innate immunity. The canonical mechanism for bacterial killing
by lysozyme occurs through the hydrolysis of cell wall peptidoglycan (PG). Conventional …

The cell wall (CW) of bacteria is an intricate arrangement of macromolecules, at least
constituted of peptidoglycan (PG) but also of (lipo) teichoic acids, various polysaccharides …

Due to the concern of consumers about the presence of synthetic preservatives, researchers
and food manufacturers have recently conducted extensive research on the limited use of …

Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated
diarrhea, and is responsible for a spectrum of diseases characterized by high levels of …

Lysozyme, an important bacteriostatic protein, is widely distributed in nature. It is generally
believed that the high efficiency of lysozyme in inhibiting gram-positive bacteria is caused by …

Cytokines are low molecular weight glycoproteins involved in the regulation of the immune
system, and more than 100 cytokines have hitherto been identified in humans. Cytokines …

Oysters, the common name for a number of different bivalve molluscs, are the worldwide
aquaculture species and also play vital roles in the function of ecosystem. As invertebrate …

The insect immune response demonstrates many similarities to the innate immune response
of mammals and a wide range of insects is now employed to assess the virulence of …

In recent years, the deterioration of the aquaculture ecological environment has led to a high
incidence of fish diseases. Lysozymes, important antimicrobial enzymes, play an important …