This article discusses the significance of confined masonry (CM) structures in terms of their
remarkable seismic performance in past earthquake events. However, the variability of CM …

Confined masonry (CM) buildings experienced some major damages in past earthquakes.
Numerous studies have investigated various strengthening techniques to improve the …

Geopolymer concrete is preferred over OPC due to its use of energy waste such as fly ash,
making it more sustainable and energy-efficient. However, limited research has been done …

Seismic design codes for confined masonry (CM) buildings are few; therefore, in many
places these buildings are generally designed and constructed using simplified guidelines …

This study aimed at understanding the role of vertical RC ties in the seismic performance
improvement of confined masonry walls under combined in-plane, out-of-plane, and vertical …

Numerical models are effective tools for analysis and design of structures. However, their
potential often falls short while simulating the behavior of masonry structures because of …

Multi-story buildings are an alternative for any developing city facing population growth and
land scarcity. Recently, verticalization of the built environment has considered the possible …

This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics and Finite element model updating of
two confined masonry buildings in Messina, constructed in the aftermath of the devastating …

Confined masonry (CM) buildings are generally designed with an expectation that masonry
walls withstand all possible loads imparted on the buildings. The reinforced concrete (RC) …

Although multiple experimental investigations have been performed to characterize the
shearing behavior of confined masonry walls that are reinforced with horizontal steel bars …