Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis : CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in
Neurology Account Register Activate Subscription Help Subscribe American Academy of …

Numerous observational studies have suggested that there is a correlation between the
level of serum vitamin D and MS risk and disease activity. To explore this hypothesis, a …

Personalized treatment is ideal for multiple sclerosis (MS) owing to the heterogeneity of
clinical features, but current knowledge gaps, including validation of biomarkers and …

Although genetic susceptibility explains the clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) within
families and the sharp decline in risk with increasing genetic distance, it cannot fully explain …

The most recent findings linking exposure to sun and vitamin D insufficiency to multiple
sclerosis (MS) are reviewed. Due to insufficient sunshine and changing lifestyles …

Importance It remains unclear whether vitamin D insufficiency, which is common in
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), has an adverse effect on MS outcomes. Objectives …

The immune system, innate and adaptive, is a highly evolved and complex network,
essential for promoting survival in an environment full of potential pathogens, while …

Background There is a striking latitudinal gradient in multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence, but
exceptions in Mediterranean Europe and northern Scandinavia, and some systematic …

Although genetic susceptibility explains the clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) cases within
families, the changes in MS risk that occur with migration can be explained only by changes …

Seasonal changes in disease activity have been observed in multiple sclerosis, an
autoimmune disorder that affects the CNS. These epidemiological observations suggest that …