COPD is predicted to become the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide
by 2030. Cigarette smoking (active or passive) is one of its chief causes, with about 20% of …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a dramatic disease without cure. The US Food and
Drug Administration–approved drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, only slow disease …

In recent decades, complex and exquisite pathways involved in the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) and inflammatory stress responses have been demonstrated to participate in the …

Neuronal cells are specialists for rapid transfer and translation of information. Their electrical
properties relay on a precise regulation of ion levels while their communication via …

Background Sepsis-induced apoptosis of immune cells leads to widespread depletion of key
immune effector cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the …

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes with an important role in the innate immune
response. Canonical activation of inflammasomes results in caspase-1 activation and …

Inflammatory response and renal fibrosis are the hallmarks of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
However, the specific mechanism of aldosterone-induced renal injury in the progress of …

Abstract Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram‐positive bacterial pathogen that causes an
array of infectious diseases in humans. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that …

The research progress of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in atherosclerosis (AS) is of
great concern. The ER, a critical cellular organelle, plays a role in important biological …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), one of the most common fibrosing interstitial lung
diseases (ILD), is a chronic-age-related respiratory disease that rises from repeated micro …