Whole-genome duplication (WGD) events have shaped the history of many evolutionary
lineages. One such duplication has been implicated in the evolution of teleost fishes, by far …

Neuropeptides are a diverse class of neuronal signalling molecules that regulate
physiological processes and behaviour in animals. However, determining the relationships …

Embryogenesis is remarkably robust to segregating mutations and environmental variation;
under a range of conditions, embryos of a given species develop into stereotypically …

Evolutionary change in animal morphology results from alteration of the functional
organization of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that control development of the body …

SWEET genes are a recently identified plant gene family that play an indispensable role in
sugar efflux. However, no systematic study has been performed in pear. In this research, 18 …

The study of the evolutionary origin of vertebrates has been linked to the study of genome
duplications since Susumo Ohno suggested that the successful diversification of vertebrate …

Determining the origins of novel genes and the mechanisms driving the emergence of new
functions is challenging yet crucial for understanding evolutionary innovations. Recently …

Gene duplication generates new genetic material that can contribute to the evolution of gene
regulatory networks and phenotypes. Duplicated genes can undergo subfunctionalization to …

The vertebrate circulatory system is the most complex vascular system among those of
metazoans, with key innovations including a multi-chambered heart and highly specialized …

The evolutionary transition from invertebrates to vertebrates involved extensive gene
duplication, but understanding precisely how such duplications contributed to this transition …