The Algerian military's response to the 2019–2020 Hirak protests was relatively peaceful. In
contrast to its violent repression of protests in 1988, and subsequent coup and civil war in …

Sudan has for decades been one of Africa's most fragmented polities. Yet arguably the
single most consequential actor in its recent history is among the least well studied: the …

This article unpacks the phenomenon of identity-based stacking in armed forces to lay the
groundwork for a next generation of scholarship, proposing three sets of extensions with …

Militaries often respond to major anti-authoritarian protests with disloyalty. While militaries
may defect, refusing to support the dictator, they may also seize power. Defections and …

African elites commonly recruit co-ethnic soldiers into state security institutions, a practice
known as ethnic stacking. Ethnic stacking has recently received considerable attention from …

There is substantial research on the influence of elite defections on civil resistance
campaign outcomes. Yet most studies focus on defections among security forces, political …

In Guinea-Bissau, democracy replaced a one-party dictatorship regime exercised by the
African Party of Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde for 18 years. However, the …

The origin of African military greatly influences its character, ethos, and mores. The military
in most African states were products of European adventures in Africa. Many started as …

This chapter draws on the relationship between poor governance and military coups in
Africa. It adapts the social contract theory to locate the place of the state in both historical …

Militaries are to defend national territorial integrity, protect the citizenry, uphold the
constitution and play a supportive role in upholding the democratic ideals of a country …