The range of hosts exploited by a parasite is determined by several factors, including host
availability, infectivity and exploitability. Each of these can be the target of natural selection …

The bacterium Wolbachia infects many insect species and spreads by diverse vertical and
horizontal means. As co-inherited organisms, these bacteria often cause problems in …

Numerous butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae maintain myrmecophilous associations
with trophobiotic ants, but only a minority of ant‐associated butterflies are parasites of ants …

Deep mitochondrial divergence within species may result from cryptic speciation, from
phylogeographic isolation or from endosymbiotic bacteria like Wolbachia that manipulate …

Fossil butterflies are extremely rare. Yet, they are the only direct evidence of the first
appearance of particular characters and as such, they are crucial for calibrating a molecular …

Simple Summary The Palearctic butterfly genera Pseudophilotes, Glaucopsyche and Iolana
have attracted the attention of many entomologists because their species are used as model …

We investigated the evolutionary relationships between the taxa in the butterfly genus Iolana
Bethune-Baker, 1914 and others in the subtribe Scolitantidina using information from nine …

An emerging problem in conservation is whether listed morpho-species with broad
distributions, yet specialized lifestyles, consist of more than one cryptic species or …

In a recent issue of Systematic Entomology, Ward et al.(2015) presented a new variant of the
phylogeny of the huge and extremely diverse ant clade Myrmicinae. Their paper is a …

Harsh environments (eg, hypoxia and cold temperatures) of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
have a substantial influence on adaptive evolution in various species. Some species in …