Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and
current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions …

Inflammation, a process intimately linked to renal disease, can be defined as a complex
network of interactions between renal parenchymal cells and resident immune cells, such as …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fermentation end products produced by the intestinal
microbiota and have anti-inflammatory and histone deacetylase–inhibiting properties …

The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when
injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to …

Sepsis is a serious medical condition that can lead to multi-organ failure and shock, and it is
associated with increased mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of …

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a debilitating disease associated with several secondary
complications that increase comorbidity and mortality. In patients with CKD, there is a …

The innate immune system is the first line of defense in response to nonself and danger
signals from microbial invasion or tissue injury. It is increasingly recognized that each organ …

Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by strong elevated circulating cytokines that
most often occur after an overreactive immune system is activated by an acute systemic …

Diabetes and obesity are worldwide health problems. White fat dynamically participates in
hormonal and inflammatory regulation. White adipose tissue is recognized as a multifactorial …

The morbidity associated with bacterial sepsis is the result of host immune responses to
pathogens, which are dependent on pathogen recognition by pattern recognition receptors …