Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research,
based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past …

Depression, a severe psychiatric disorder, has been studied for decades, but the underlying
mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Depression is closely associated with alterations …

Environmental challenges are part of daily life for any individual. In fact, stress appears to be
increasingly present in our modern, and demanding, industrialized society. Virtually every …

The hippocampal formation has been implicated in a growing number of disorders, from
Alzheimer's disease and cognitive ageing to schizophrenia and depression. How can the …

The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is
threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral …

Background Hippocampal volume loss is a hallmark of clinical depression. Chronic stress
produces volume loss in the hippocampus in humans and atrophy of CA3 pyramidal cells …

Following the discovery of glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus and other brain
regions, research has focused on understanding the effects of glucocorticoids in the brain …

Allostasis, the concept of maintaining stability through change, has been proposed as a term
and a model to replace the ambiguous term of stress, the concept of adequately or …

The fact that exposure to severe stress leads to the development of psychiatric disorders
serves as the basic rationale for animal models of stress disorders. Clinical and …

The morphology and molecular composition of synapses provide the structural basis for
synaptic function. This article reviews the electron microscopy of excitatory synapses on …