Iron holds a central position at the host–pathogen interface because mammalian and
microbial cells have an essential demand for the metal, which is required for many metabolic …

Host antimicrobial mechanisms reduce iron availability to pathogens. Iron proteins
influencing the innate immune response include hepcidin, lactoferrin, siderocalin …

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that encompasses a range of clinical manifestations
affecting people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Epidemiological and …

Leishmania donovani promastigotes introduced into the bloodstream by sandfly vectors, are
exposed to reactive oxygen species like H2O2 during phagocytosis by the host …

Heme is an essential prosthetic group in proteins that reside in virtually every subcellular
compartment performing diverse biological functions. Irrespective of whether heme is …

Leishmania occurs in several developmental forms and thus undergoes complex cell
differentiation events during its life-cycle. Those are required to allow the parasite to adapt to …

Parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania infect mammalian mononuclear phagocytic cells
causing a potentially fatal disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The …

Background Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Leishmania. The
disease remains a global threat to public health requiring effective chemotherapy for control …

The flagellum and flagellar pocket are distinctive organelles present among all of the
trypanosomatid protozoa. Currently, recognized functions for these organelles include …

Leishmania are intracellular protozoan parasites that reside primarily in host mononuclear
phagocytes. Infection of host macrophages is initiated by infective promastigote stages and …