Medical sciences have been steadily paving an exploratory path toward understanding the
mechanisms of mental suffering, such as depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and …

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a unique pattern, which is
histologically classified into the subpial type 3 lesions in the autopsy. The lesion is also …

This editorial highlights the limitations of preclinical models in accurately reflecting the
complexity of anxiety and depression, which leads to a lack of effective treatments for these …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity among other symptoms. With a 70 …

In 2017, the Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care included
air pollution in its list of potential risk factors for dementia; in 2018, the Lancet Commission …

Objective Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood swing illness characterized by episodes ranging
from depressive lows to manic highs. Although the specific origin of BD is unknown …

Background Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the global population. In addition to the
complex etiology, linking this illness to genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors …

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a unique pattern, which is
histologically classified into the subpial type 3 lesions in the autopsy. The lesion is also …

Investigation of the precise mechanisms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) and other dopamine-associated conditions is crucial for the development of new …

Medical sciences have been steadily paving an exploratory path toward understanding the
mechanisms of mental suffering, such as depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and …