Background Transport microenvironments tend to have higher air pollutant concentrations
than other settings most people encounter in their daily lives. The choice of travel modes …

The aims of this review are: analyse the in-vehicle exposure determinants to traffic-related
air pollutants (TRAPs); identify the lack of information in this field, providing suggestions for …

Background In order to curb traffic-related air pollution and its impact on the physical
environment, contemporary city commuters are encouraged to shift from private car use to …

Vehicles are the third most occupied microenvironment, other than home and workplace, in
developed urban areas. Vehicle cabins are confined spaces where occupants can mitigate …

Commuters may be exposed to increased levels of traffic-related air pollution owing to close
proximity to traffic-emissions. We collected in-vehicle and roof-top air pollution …

Limiting the air exchange of passenger vehicles by closing windows and recirculating cabin
air (RC) restricts the influx of roadway pollutants and reduces in-vehicle particulate …

The personal exposure concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs), black carbon (BC), and
particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5) were measured in often …

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) is associated with increased mortality. Although
epidemiology studies typically use outdoor PM2. 5 concentrations as surrogates for …

• Inhaling polluted ambient air has many health effects, including childhood onset of asthma,
and onset and progression of atherosclerosis• Vulnerable people can consider using well …

In most major cities of China, commuters inevitably spend a considerable amount of time in
vehicle cabins due to the escalation of traffic congestion and a rapidly increasing vehicle …