We trace the evolution of research on extreme solar and solar-terrestrial events from the
1859 Carrington event to the rapid development of the last twenty years. Our focus is on the …

Abstract The Kepler Mission is a space observatory launched in 2009 by NASA to monitor
170 000 stars over a period of four years to determine the frequency of Earth-size and larger …

The Kepler Mission is exploring the diversity of planets and planetary systems. Its legacy will
be a catalog of discoveries sufficient for computing planet occurrence rates as a function of …

Trends in the planet population with host star mass provide an avenue to constrain planet
formation theories. We derive the planet radius distribution function for Kepler stars of …

The Kepler spacecraft has discovered a large number of planets with up to one-year periods
and down to terrestrial sizes. While the majority of the target stars are main-sequence dwarfs …

We searched for superflares on solar-type stars using Kepler data with 1-min sampling in
order to detect superflares with a short duration. We found 187 superflares on 23 solar-type …

The magnetic activity of the Sun and other stars causes their brightness to vary. We
investigated how typical the Sun's variability is compared with other solar-like stars, ie, those …

Internal stellar magnetic fields are inaccessible to direct observations, and little is known
about their amplitude, geometry, and evolution. We demonstrate that strong magnetic fields …

Interferometric radius measurements provide a direct probe of the fundamental parameters
of M dwarfs. However, interferometry is within reach for only a limited sample of nearby …

Host star metallicity provides a measure of the conditions in protoplanetary disks at the time
of planet formation. Using a sample of over 20,000 Kepler stars with spectroscopic …