Seismic tomography reveals 2 extensive regions in the lowermost mantle, beneath Africa
and the Pacific, that exhibit lower-than-average seismic wave speeds. These regions have …

▪ Abstract Observations of the geochemical diversity of mid-oceanic ridge and ocean-island
basalts have traditionally been attributed to the existence of large-scale mantle …

Thermal conductivity is essential for controlling the rate of core heat loss and long-term
thermal evolution of the Earth, but it has been poorly constrained at the high pressures of …

The existence of uncoupled shear (S) and compression (P) wave velocity variations in
Earth's mantle is a characteristic that might only be explained by the presence of significant …

Mantle convection and plate tectonics are driven by the heat flow from Earth's core to the
surface. The radiative contribution to heat transport is usually assumed to be negligible …

The Earth was formed by the accretion of both differentiated and undifferentiated parent
bodies, and the large density difference between metallic and ionic components gave rise to …

Volcanic hotspots are regions of intraplate volcanism or excess volcanism at plate margins
that are not adequately explained by the plate tectonic paradigm. Hotspots have been …

We use regional scale numerical models of mantle convection to investigate the simple
hypothesis that seismically anomalous thin patches of Earth's lowermost mantle, termed …

Ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) at the base of Earth's lower mantle inferred from seismic
inversions exhibit up to 50% lower shear velocity (Vs) and up to 25% lower compressional …

A physical model describing the temperature and pressure dependences of mantle thermal
conductivity has recently been provided by AM Hofmeister [Science 283 (1999) 1699–1706] …