The evolution of territoriality reflects the balance between the benefit and cost of
monopolising a resource. While the benefit of territoriality is generally intuitive (improved …

Much research on animal communication has addressed how costs or constraints
determined by the oxidative status of an individual can assure the honesty of visual signals …

Rising global temperatures are expected to increase reproductive costs for wildlife as
greater thermoregulatory demands interfere with reproductive activities. However, predicting …

The cost of reproduction results in a life-history trade-off where investment in current
reproduction via costly parental care decreases subsequent fitness. Although this trade-off is …

Background The oxidative handicap hypothesis posits that testosterone-dependent traits,
such as muscle mass and strength, may be costly to develop due to testosterone's pro …

The cost of parental care has long been thought to favor the evolution of cooperative
breeding, because breeders can provide reduced parental care when aided by alloparents …

In animal communication, signals are expected to evolve to be honest, so that receivers
avoid being manipulated by signalers. One way that signals can evolve to be honest is for …

There is substantial interest of evolutionary ecologists in the proximate mechanisms that
modulate vocal communication. In recent times, there has been growing interest in the role …

The significance of colour signals in species with strong sexual dimorphism and/or
elaborated visual ornaments is rather well-understood. Less attention has, however, been …

Sexually selected traits are hypothesized to be honest signals of individual quality due to the
costs associated with their maintenance, development, and/or production. Testosterone, a …