Working memory is important for online language processing during conversation. We use it
to maintain relevant information, to inhibit or ignore irrelevant information, and to attend to …

Objective: The current update of the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model
evaluates the predictive and postdictive aspects of speech understanding and …

Ageing is associated with declines in both perception and cognition. We review evidence for
an interaction between perceptual and cognitive decline in old age. Impoverished …

Purpose Listening effort (LE) describes the attentional or cognitive requirements for
successful listening. Despite substantial theoretical and clinical interest in LE, inconsistent …

Listening effort is increasingly recognized as a factor in communication, particularly for and
with nonnative speakers, for the elderly, for individuals with hearing impairment and/or for …

Hearing loss is a common feature in human aging. It has been argued that dysfunctions in
central processing are important contributing factors to hearing loss during older age. Aging …

The ability to recognize masked speech, commonly measured with a speech reception
threshold (SRT) test, is associated with cognitive processing abilities. Two cognitive factors …

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing the secondary
task in dual-task paradigms that measure listening effort. Specifically, the effects of …

We investigated changes in speech recognition and cognitive processing load due to the
masking release attributable to decreasing similarity between target and masker speech …

Difficulty understanding speech-in-noise (SIN) is a pervasive problem faced by older adults
particularly those with hearing loss. Previous studies have identified structural and functional …